Spotlight on Refractive Errors: Nearsightedness and Farsightedness

Two common refractive errors are nearsightedness and farsightedness. Both conditions occur when the shape of the eye interferes with how light is bent and focused on the retina.
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Nearsightedness and farsightedness can lead to different vision problems. Fortunately, both conditions are manageable with glasses, contacts, or surgery. Keep reading for more information on both of these common refractive errors 

What is nearsightedness? 

The technical term for nearsightedness is myopia. If someone has nearsightedness, they can see objects clearly up close, but objects that are far away appear blurry. This occurs because the shape of the eye prevents the light from being bent properly, so the light focuses in front of the retina instead of on the retina.

Nearsightedness is very common. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, it has been increasing for several decades. Experts estimate that by the year 2050, about 50% of people in the world will have nearsightedness.

Researchers are not entirely clear on the cause of the increase. However, one theory is that the increased amount of time spent indoors on computers or phones instead of in natural light may be a contributing factor.
Symptoms of nearsightedness include:

• Difficulty seeing objects far away
• Squinting to see properly
• Eye strain

Individuals who are nearsighted may have an increased risk of developing other types of problems. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, people who are nearsighted have an increased risk of developing a detached retina. Those who have severe nearsightedness also have an increased risk of developing cataracts and glaucoma.
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What is farsightedness? 

Farsightedness, also called hyperopia, is a refractive error also caused by eye shape. Individuals who are farsighted have an eye shape that prevents light from being bent properly, so that the light is focused behind the retina instead of on the retina. This causes someone who is farsighted to see objects clearly that are far away. However, their near vision is blurry.

Additional symptoms of far-sightedness are similar to the symptoms of nearsightedness and may include:

• Eye strain
• Squinting
• Headaches
• Difficulty with reading

Why some people develop farsightedness is not known. It appears having a family history of the condition increases your risk. Additional risk factors are not clear.

There are also potential complications that can occur with farsightedness. For instance, children that have severe farsightedness may have an increased chance of developing certain eye problems, such as amblyopia, which is lazy eye.
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Treatment for nearsightedness and farsightedness 

Both nearsightedness and farsightedness are correctable with eyeglasses or contact lenses. The glasses help refocus the light on the retina, allowing you to see better. Contact lenses may also be an option for those who do not want to wear glasses.

Refractive surgery may also be an option for individuals with either condition. The two main types of surgery are refractive laser surgery or refractive lens exchange. Refractive laser surgery involves reshaping the cornea to alter how light travels. Refractive lens exchange involves replacing the lens with an artificial lens that corrects the condition.

Not everyone is a candidate for refractive laser surgery. Your eye care specialist will evaluate your specific condition and determine if a surgical procedure is an option for you.

If you would like to discuss treatment options for any type of refractive error, we are happy to help. If you would like to ask whether an appointment with one of our eye doctors would be appropriate at this time, call our office at 508-746-8600.