Kidney Disease & The Risk of Vision Problems | National Kidney Month

​According to the National Kidney Foundation, about 30 million people have chronic kidney disease. Our kidneys regulate the water balance in, as well as remove waste from, our bodies. When our kidneys don’t function properly, the proper balance of minerals, such as sodium, calcium, and potassium, can be thrown off. In addition, the kidneys produce hormones that help regulate blood pressure. So, if they are not functioning well, it can affect blood pressure control. Over time, kidney disease may also lead to weakened bones, anemia, and nerve damage.
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Symptoms of kidney disease may include:

• Decreased energy
• Problems concentrating
• Fluid retention, especially in the feet and legs
• Poor appetite

• Muscle cramping at night
  
• Dry skin

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Eye or Vision Problems with Kidney Disease

Kidney disease is often caused by diabetes, which raises the risk of eye disease in itself, but if the kidneys are not filtering out waste properly, it can also contribute to eye problems.
 
When the kidneys to do not adequately remove wastes, it can lead to a build-up of minerals and salts, such as phosphate and calcium. The accumulation of minerals may settle in the eyes. The result may be dry and irritated eyes.
 
Kidney disease can also cause periorbital edema, which involves swelling around the eyes. Inefficient kidney function can cause a water imbalance, leading to the increased fluid around the eyes. The condition can develop in one or both eyes.  
 
The conditions that lead to chronic kidney disease may also have an adverse effect on the eyes and vision. For instance, two of the main causes of chronic kidney disease, including high blood pressure and diabetes, can both lead to retinopathy. Retinopathy involves damage to the blood vessels in the retina. The severity of damage can vary. In the most serious cases, scar tissue from the damaged vessels can form, which may lead to a detached retina. A detached retina can cause vision loss and even complete blindness.
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Keeping Your Eyes Healthy with Kidney Disease

If you have chronic kidney disease, it’s essential to pay close attention to your health. It’s also important to take certain precautions or steps to maintain healthy eyes and preserve your eyesight. Consider the following recommendations:  
 
See an Eye Doctor Regularly
Since the conditions that may have led to kidney disease can also affect your eyes, it’s essential to get regular eye exams. Certain eye diseases do not have symptoms in the early stages. The only way to diagnosis some eye conditions early on is through an eye exam. Based on your individual circumstances, your eye doctor will provide recommendations on the frequency of exams.
 
Know the Warning Signs of Eye Disease
If you have kidney disease, you are at an increased risk of vision loss. If you develop any of the following symptoms, see a doctor immediately:

• Flashing lights
• Sudden changes in vision, including blurred vision or vision loss

• Sudden floaters in the eyes

 
Control High Blood Pressure & Glucose Levels
High blood pressure and diabetes can go hand-in-hand with kidney disease. Chronic hypertension can have a negative effect on your eyes, as can high blood sugar levels. Controlling blood pressure and your glucose levels are critical for both your kidneys and your eyes. Talk with your doctor to determine what your levels should be, how often to monitor your numbers, and how best to control them.
 
Follow Your Doctor’s Guidelines for Diet, Exercise & Medication
Chronic kidney disease may include a variety of treatments, depending on the severity or stage of the disease. Treatment may include medication, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, dialysis. It’s important to follow your doctor’s recommendations regarding your treatment plan. For example, you may have certain dietary restrictions, such as limiting salt. You may also have exercise recommendations and medication prescribed. Sticking to your treatment plan may prevent kidney disease and vision issues from becoming worse.
 
Don’t Smoke
Smoking is bad for both kidneys and vision. It increases risk of eye problems, such as glaucoma and cataracts. If you have kidney disease and smoke, you have already likely been advised by your doctor to quit. Talk with your healthcare provider about effective ways to quit smoking, including nicotine replacement products and medications. 
 
March is National Kidney Month, and it’s a good reminder to take the necessary steps to prevent kidney disease from impacting vision. Remember, your kidneys affect all the other organs and system of your body, including your eyes.
 
If you have any questions about kidney disease and your eyes or to schedule an appointment with one of our ophthalmologists, please call our office at 508-746-8600. And, if you have a loved one with kidney disease, please share this important information with him or her. It just might help protect and preserve vision.